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TIME TO THINK

Faça no caderno as questões de resposta escrita.

1. Take a look at these images and answer the following questions with a classmate.

I.

II.

1. Qual é a relação entre as imagens?

2. Em sua opinião, existe uma maneira de evitar que o desenvolvimento tecnológico produza desperdício e consequentemente poluição? O que poderia ser feito a esse respeito?

c. Vocês se consideram otimistas ou pessimistas sobre esse assunto? Por quê?

2. Discuss the following questions about the role that modern technology plays in your community with a classmate.
   1. Como se dá o acesso à internet onde vocês vivem?
   2. É comum o uso de celulares pelas pessoas em sua vizinhança? E o uso de tabletstáblets e computadores?
   3. É comum as pessoas possuírem TVtê vê a cabo ou serviços de transmissão de vídeos e áudios on-lineon láine na sua vizinhança? Qual(is)qual ou quais?
   4. Vocês diriam que a tecnologia moderna faz parte da vida de vocês? Comentem.
   5. De que formafórma vocês acham que futuras inovações tecnológicas afetarão a vida em suas comunidades?

3. Consider your expectations for the future of means of transportation. Then answer the following questions with a classmate.
   1. Como vocês acham que as pessoas se deslocarão de um lugar para outro no dia a dia? De que meios de transporte elas se utilizarão?
   2. Em sua opinião, as pessoas vão preferir meios de transporte públicos ou privados? Por quê?
   3. Os engarrafamentos ainda existirão? Como? Por quê?
   4. Que tipo de combustível será usado no futuro? Por que vocês pensam desse modo?
   5. Como vocês imaginam que o espaço será explorado? As viagens espaciais serão comuns para toda a população?
   6. O que vocês sabem sobre teletransporte? Acham que o teletransporte será algo real? Justifiquem sua resposta.

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Did you know?

READINGrídin

Faça no caderno as questões de resposta escrita.

Task 1 tesqui uon

Before readingbifór rídin

1. Take a look at these images. Discuss with a classmate and match them to their corresponding captions.

I.

II.

III.

1. Mars rover

2. Man on the Moon

c. Space shuttle launch

2. Read and do the following with a classmate.
   1. What do you know about space exploration? Are these statements Ttí (true) or Féf (false)?
      1. Robots have landed on Mars.
      2. Robots have landed on Jupiter.
      3. Humans have landed on Mars.
      4. Humans have been to the Moon.
      5. Space probes have been sent to explore Jupiter and Saturn.
   2. What do you think should be the next logical step in space exploration? Choose the option that best represents your opinion.
      1. Sending robots to another planet.
      2. Sending humans to another planet.
      3. Establishing a human colony on the Moon.

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3. Read these headlines and do the following with a classmate.

I.

BURSTON, J. 5 predictions for energy in 2030. World Economic Forum, 10 nov.novembro 2016. Disponível em: https://oeds.link/qU7j5O. Acesso em: 22 abr.abril 2022.

II.

THREE predictions for the future of the internet. It News Africa.com, 17 mar.março 2014. Disponível em: https://oeds.link/AAad7G. Acesso em: 22 abr. abril2022.

III.

GEFTER, A. Top scientists predict the future of science. New Scientist, 9 jun.junho 2009. Disponível em: https://oeds.link/WWcgrR. Acesso em: 22 abr.abril 2022.

1. These headlines introduce
   1. articles.
   2. reviewsrevius.
   3. interviews.

b. What else do these headlines have in common?

4. With a classmate, consider questions 1, 2 and ênd3 and guess:
   1. the genre of the text that you are going to read.
   2. its main theme.

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Read to learn ríd tchu lârn

1. Read the first part of this science news article with these objectives in mind:
   • to recognize its main theme;
   • to identify characteristics of science news articles.

PATEL, N. V. Michio Kaku predicts the future of humans on Mars by 2100. Inverse, 21 abr. 2017. Disponível em: https://oeds.link/3j6TEI. Acesso em: 22 abr.abril 2022.

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Constructing meaningsconstrãquitchion minins

1. Choose the best option to complete these statements about the text.
   1. The main purpose of this science news article is to present predictions about
      1. what Mars is going to look like.
      2. how humans are going to get to Mars.
      3. how human colonies are going to be established on Mars.
   2. According to the science news article, we know that, during this century,
      1. Mars is going to look like Earth.
      2. humans are going to land on Mars.

2. Answer the following questions according to the text.
   1. Who is Neel V. Patel?
   2. Who is Michio Kaku?
   3. According to the predictions, what will happen during the 2030s?
   4. And what will happen by 2050 or 2060?
   5. Who would you say is the target reader of this article: people in general or scientists? Justify your answer.

3. Find the following in the text.
   1. The excerpts in which Kaku’s literal words are reproduced.
   2. Two verbs that indicate that those are Kaku’s words.

Task 2 tésqui tchu

Before readingbifór rídin

1. Think of what you read in Task 1tesqui uon (Readingrídin) and discuss the questions with a classmate.
   1. Do you think the predictions were right?
   2. Why should we believe in Michio Kaku’s predictions?
   3. Would you like to see our planet Earth from outer space? Is this possible today?
   4. Would you like to live in these first colonies in Mars? Why?
   5. What information do you think you are going to find in the second part of the text?

Read to learn ríd tchu lârn

1. Now read the second part of the science news article that you started reading in Task 1tesqui uon (Readingrídin) with these objectives in mind:
   • to verify the new information provided in the text;
   • to identify characteristics of science news articles.

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PATEL, N. V. Michio Kaku predicts the future of humans on Mars by 2100. Inverse. 21 abr. abril2017. Disponível em: https://oeds.link/3j6TEI. Acesso em: 22 abr.abril 2022.

Constructing meanings constrãquitchion minins

1. Choose the best option to complete these statements about the text.
   1. Most of the second part of the article is dedicated to
      1. describing plans to send people to Mars.
      2. talking about future sustainable colonies on Mars.
      3. explaining how people are going to make money on Mars.
   2. Elon Musk plans to
      1. create the first cities on Mars.
      2. make small colonies on Mars.
      3. send one Falcon Heavy rocket to Mars.

2. Answer the questions according to the text.
   1. How many people are necessary for a colony on Mars to be sustainable? Why?
   2. What does “be sustainable” mean in this context?
   3. How could people living in future Martian cities generate lots of money?

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3. Find in the text what the words in bold refer to.

1. “That’s enough hands to help run things […]” (line 29)

2. “[…] he wants a fleet of 1,000 Falcon Heavy rockets […]” (line 32)

3. “[…] the company hopes to have sent over one million pool to Mars […]” (lines 35-36)

d. “They’ll have mining operations.” (lines 38-39)

Task 3 tésk thri

Before reading bifór rídin

1. Think about what you have read so far and choose the best options.
   1. The text that you are reading makes predictions about
      1. finding alien life on Mars.
      2. sending humans to asteroids.
      3. establishing human colonies on Mars.
   2. According to the predictions, when will we have the first Martian cities?
      1. In 2030.
      2. Around 2050/2060.
      3. By the beginning of the next century.
   3. The prediction is that Martian colonies will
      1. get life support from asteroids.
      2. always depend on life support from Earth.
      3. become self-sufficient after a certain period of time.

2. Try to make predictions about what you are going to read in the last part of the text. Choose the options that best express your guesses.
   1. Other experts will comment on Kaku’s predictions.
   2. Neel V. Patel will disagree with some of Kaku’s predictions.
   3. Kaku will make predictions about humans on Mars by 2200.
   4. Kaku’s predictions will be compared with predictions made in the past.
   5. Another expert will compare Kaku’s predictions with the colonization of some regions on Earth.

Read to learnríd tchu lârn

1. Read the last part of the science news article that you started reading in Task 1tesqui uon (Readingrídin) with these objectives in mind:
   • to verify how the science news article evaluates the predictions made in its first and second parts;
   • to identify the resources used to convince the reader of the plausibility of the predictions.

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PATEL, N. V. Michio Kaku predicts the future of humans on Mars by 2100. Inverse, 21 abr. abril2017. Disponível em: https://oeds.link/3j6TEI. Acesso em: 2 abr.abril 2022.

Constructing meanings constrãquitchion minins

1. Choose the best option to complete these statements about the text.
   1. The main purpose of the last part of the article is to evaluate Kaku’s predictions as
      1. plausible.
      2. improbable.
      3. not plausible.
   2. The argumentative resources used to justify this evaluation include comparing the predictions with
      1. the history of space travel.
      2. the scientific exploration of the Moon.
      3. the colonization of some areas in the USA.

2. Answer the following questions according to the text.
   1. Who is Chris Hadfield?
   2. Why is his opinion relevant for the science news article?
   3. When did the first person make it to the South Pole?
      1. in the late 1800s
      2. in the early 1800s
      3. in the early 1900s
   4. How many people live on Antarctica now?
   5. Why did the colonization of California happen a lot faster than expected?

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Think a little more think a lítol mór

1. Discuss the following questions with a classmate.
   1. O texto diz que se pretende colonizar Marte. O que vocês acham disso? Quais seriam os benefícios para a humanidade de ocupar outro planeta?
   2. Vocês podem imaginar aspectos negativos dessa colonização? Quais seriam eles?
   3. O texto enfatiza a importância de as colônias e cidades em Marte serem sustentáveis. O que vocês sabem sobre sustentabilidade? Qual é a importância da sustentabilidade para o nosso planeta?
   4. Quando levamos em consideração nossos recursos naturais e a própria água que consumimos, estamos caminhando para a sustentabilidade? Justifiquem sua resposta.
   5. O que vocês pensam sobre a possibilidade de enriquecimento com a conquista do espaço? As ações humanas deveriam ser motivadas pelo desejo de ganhar dinheiro? Por quê? Relacionem suas respostas às discussões realizadas nos itens anteriores.

LISTENINGlissenin

Faça no caderno as questões de resposta escrita.

Before listening bifór listenin

1. Discuss the following questions with a classmate and decide if the statements are Ttí (true) or Féf (false). Then correct the false ones.
   1. What do you know about computers in the 1960s?
      1. Computers were cheap in the 1960s.
      2. They were huge, enormous machines.
      3. Almost everybody had a computer back then.
   2. What do you know about electricity generation and distribution in the present day?
      1. Every home in Brazil has access to electricity.
      2. Most homes are equipped with a machine that generates electricity.
      3. Many people use electrical devices without thinking about where electricity comes from.
   3. What do you know about cell phones?
      1. Modern cell phones can control cars.
      2. Cell phones are used by a lot of people nowadays. 
      3. The first cell phones were very expensive and did not have apps.

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2. You are going to listen to an excerpt from an oral text entitled “Are governments ready for dynamic future?” Choose the option that best represents your predictions about it.
   1. What do you think the oral text will be about?
      1. Advantages and disadvantages of systems of government in the 21st century.
      2. Projections of how technological development will affect human life in the future.
      3. Predictions about space travel and how to establish dynamic governments for future colonized planets.
   2. You will probably listen to
      1. a lecture for world leaders.
      2. a documentary movie for the general public.
      3. a piece of political propaganda for young voters.
   3. Who will you probably listen to?
      1. A scientist
      2. A politician
      3. A journalist

Listen to learnlíssen tchu lârn

1. Listen to the lecture with these objectives in mind:
   • to check your hypotheses about the text;
   • to identify characteristics of lectures.

ARE governments ready for dynamic future? – Prof.professor Michio Kaku – WGS 2018. World Government Summit. Disponível em: https://oeds.link/s8o0Pg. Acesso em: 22 abr.abril 2022.

Constructing meaningsconstrãquitchion minins

1. After listening to Prof. Michio Kaku, choose from the options the topics he talks about in his speech.
   1. doctors
   2. computers
   3. televisons
   4. astronauts
   5. outer space
   6. artificial inteligence

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2. Decide if the following statements are T (true) or F (false) according to the lecture. Then correct the false ones.
   1. Computers will be very expensive in the future.
   2. Computer power will completely disappear from the world.
   3. Doctors already have access to the Internet in the operating room today.
   4. A computer, as we know it today, will no longer be necessary to access Artificial Intelligence systems.

3. Listen to the lecture again and answer the following questions.
   1. Was your prediction about the topic of the text in question 2a of Before listening correct? Why?
   2. Which word was mispronounced by the speaker? What did he do after making the mistake?
   3. Can you do the same thing when you are writing a text? Why?

Think a little more think a lítol mór

1. Discuss the following questions with a classmate.
   1. O que vocês acham das previsões de Michio Kakumíchíou káku sobre o preço dos computadores no futuro? Vocês conhecem outro item de consumo que tenha passado por esse processo?
   2. Os celulares podem ser comprados por todas as pessoas de uma sociedade. Discutam a afirmação.
   3. Vocês imaginam que a maior parte da população terá à sua disposição o uso de inteligência artificial durante a realização de cirurgias, como previsto? Justifiquem a resposta.
   4. Vocês acham que as previsões realizadas na palestra consideram as diferenças sociais e geográficas? Por quê?

LANGUAGE IN ACTION

Faça no caderno as questões de resposta escrita.

1. Read the excerpt from the science news article “Michio Kaku predicts the future of humans on Mars by 2100” (p.página 105) and choose the correct answers.

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1. The highlighted fragments refer to the
   1. pastpést.
   2. future.
   3. presentprésânt.

2. The time is expressed through the use of
   1. “canken”.
   2. “willuil”.
   3. “be going tobi gôim tchu”.

2. Complete the excerpt of a news post below using the verbs in parentheses in the verb forms that were highlighted in question 1.

LEARNING to live with COVID: why some experts say it’s time to “manage” the virus. CBC-Radio Canada. 8 jan. janeiro2022. Disponível em: https://oeds.link/dW4W0g. Acesso em: 1 mar.março 2022.

3. Read another excerpt from the sequence of the same science news article (p.página 107) and choose the best options to complete the statements.

1. The sentence expresses the
   1. pastpést.
   2. future.
   3. presentprésânt.

2. The time is expressed through the use of
   1. “willuil”.
   2. “mightmaitchi”.
   3. “be going tobi gôim tchu”.

3. The sentence expresses a
   1. plan.
   2. request.
   3. prediction.

4. Take a look at these predictions taken from another science news article. Mark the predictions that you think will not come true and rewrite them in the negative form.

TWENTY top predictions for life 100 years from now. BBC News, 16 jan.janeiro 2012. Disponível em: https://oeds.link/erC6T1. Acesso em: 22 abr.abril 2022.

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5. Complete the excerpt of the science news article below using the verbs in parentheses in the verb form that you identified in question 3.

TITCOMB, J.; MURGIA, M. Back to the future day: six experts predict life in 2045. The Telegraph. Londres, 21 out.outubro 2015.

6. Find expressions that indicate future time in these excerpts from “Michio Kaku Predicts the Future of Humans on Mars by 2100”.
   1. “And finally, ‘by the end of the century,’ says Kaku, ‘perhaps the first [large-scale] settlements…’.” (p. página107)
   2. “[…] he wants a fleet of 1,000 Falcon Heavy rockets, each one with 100 passengers each, to create the first cities on Mars, perhaps early in the next century.” (ppágina. 107)
   3. “Perhaps that city will be the one the United Arab Emirates wants to finish building by 2117.” (p. página107)

7. What do the words in bold refer to in the sentences below?

a. “We just know humans are going to make it to the red planet – and the plan is to stick around and make a new home for ourselves.” (p.página 105)

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2. “Humans will upgrade themselves continuously.” (The Telegraphde telegráf. Londres, 21 out.outubro 2015)

c. “Solar panels will be built into lots of different building materials, so the whole of Hill Valley can quietly and cleanly power itself.” (The Telegraphde telegráf. Londres, 21 out.outubro 2015)

8. Complete the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronoun. Consult the Eyes on grammaráison grémer section if necessary.
   1. “Buildings will power.” ◆espaço para resposta (The Telegraphde telegráf. Londres, 21 out. outubro2015)
   2. “Machines will be able to sense and then adapt ◆espaço para resposta to the emotional state of an individual user.” (The Telegraphde telegráf. Londres, 21 out.outubro 2015)
   3. “If the car decides you are angry and in danger of driving unsafely it might adapt ◆espaço para resposta to make things safer.” (The Telegraphde telegráf. Londres, 21 out. outubro2015)

SPEAKINGispíquin

Faça no caderno as questões de resposta escrita.

Hit the road rit de rroudi

In pairs, you are going to produce an oral presentation of your predictions for the future of means of communication. Remember you have already listened to an example of an oral presentation (a lecture) in Listening.

1. Before preparing your oral presentation, pay close attention to the following chart.

Toolboxtúlbóks

1. Follow these steps. They will help you prepare your oral presentation.

a. Imaginem como serão os meios de comunicação no próximo século. Vocês acham que todos eles surgirão de aperfeiçoamentos dos meios que já existem hoje ou imaginam que surgirá algo totalmente novo? Se desejarem, busquem informações em trabalhos de cientistas como Michio Kakumíchíou káku publicados na internet.

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b. Pensem em quais benefícios os meios de comunicação do futuro trarão para as pessoas e para o meio ambiente. Todas as pessoas serão beneficiadas? O acesso aos meios de comunicação e os dispositivos que o possibilitam serão mais baratos? O meio ambiente sofrerá menos impacto com sua produção e descarte?

c. Pensem em ao menos três exemplos de meios de comunicação do futuro. Que nomes eles teriam? Que expressões vocês usariam para descrevê-los? Se tiverem dúvidas, consultem dicionários monolíngues e bilíngues impressos e on-lineon láine para pesquisar o vocabulário necessário.

4. Nas frases a seguir, retiradas do texto lido na seção Readingrídin, identifiquem os verbos utilizados para expressar o tempo futuro. Em seguida, consultem a seção Eyes on grammaráison grémer e decidam se gostariam de utilizar construções semelhantes em sua apresentação oral.
   1. “We’ll probably see bigger greenhouses developed to grow fruits and vegetables for hungry colonists.” (p.página 105)
   2. “Energy infrastructure will be up and running, as well as water treatment and recycling facilities.” (p.página 105)

e. Observem as seguintes expressões e decidam se gostariam de utilizar alguma delas em sua apresentação.

f. Estabeleçam a sequência em que os meios de comunicação imaginados serão apresentados. Decidam se vocês utilizarão imagens para ilustrar sua apresentação. Em caso afirmativo, busquem imagens adequadas ou façam desenhos.

g. Façam um rascunho de sua apresentação oral para usar como roteiro.

h. Ensaiem a versão inicial de sua produção, prestando atenção à pronúncia, ao ritmo e à entonação de frases e palavras, visando garantir que sua apresentação seja compreendida por todos.

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i. Apresentem a primeira versão do texto para outra dupla e peçam sugestões a respeito do que pode ser melhorado. Anotem os comentários dos colegas para reformular os pontos que precisam de ajustes.

Step back istép béqui

1. After getting your classmates’ feedback, check if your oral presentation has the following characteristics:
   • conteúdo adequado ao tema proposto;
   • diversidade de meios de comunicação futurísticos, adequadamente nomeados e descritos;
   • previsão dos benefícios e das possíveis desvantagens desses meios para as pessoas;
   • harmonia entre os elementos verbais e os não verbais (se houver);
   • uso adequado de construções para expressar o futuro;
   • correção e adequação de linguagem, pronúncia, ritmo e entonação.

2. Now present your predictions to your classmates.

PIT STOPpiti istopi

Faça no caderno as questões de resposta escrita.

1. Look back at the introductory pages of this unit (100-101) and do the following with a classmate.
   1. What is represented in each of these images?
   2. Do you think all the technologies represented in these images will become part of our daily lives in the future? Justify your answers.
   3. “People, no matter where they live, are equally benefitted by technological innovations.” Comment on the statement.
   4. Interview an elderly member of your family to find out about technological devices that are common nowadays, but did not exist during the time of his or her youth.

THINK IT OVERthinkirôver

Faça no caderno as questões de resposta escrita.

1. Think about everything you studied in this unit and consider the following questions.
   1. O que foi mais fácil nesta unidade? O que foi mais difícil? Dê exemplos e justifique suas respostas.
   2. O que você pensa sobre as previsões feitas ao longo da unidade?
   3. Como você lidou com eventuais dificuldades de compreensão ao longo da unidade?
   4. Comente seu desempenho com relação ao planejamento e à realização da apresentação oral.
   5. De que modo você colaborou com o professor e com os colegas durante as aulas?

Page one hundred and eighteen

EYES ON GRAMMARáison grémer

Read the examples extracted from this unit’s texts, as well as the highlighted words and expressions. Pay close attention to the notes that follow them.

Example 1 egzâmpol uan

(p. 105)

(p. 107)

(p. 111; Lecture - Parts I and II)

• O verbo “willuil” é usado para fazer previsões gerais sem evidências e para se referir a eventos futuros habituais. Ele também pode ser usado para expressar intenções do falante, além de fazer pedidos e convites.

Example 2egzâmpol tchu

(p. 105)

Page one hundred and nineteen

• Em linguagem coloquial, a formafórma verbal “going togointiu” é usualmente substituída pela contração “[gonnagona”.
• A omissão do verbo “[into betchu bi” é menos comum, mas pode acontecer em algumas variedades da língua inglesa.
• A formafórma verbal “be going tobi gôim tchu” é usada para falar sobre o futuro. Ela é comumente utilizada para apresentar planos e fazer previsões.
• As contrações do verbo “to betchu bi” podem ser usadas nas formasfórmas afirmativa (amfrequência de rádio á ême = ’m; areár = re; is = ’s) e negativa (am not = ’m not; are not = ’re not, aren’t; is not = ’s not, isn’t).

Example 3

(p.página 107)

Example 4

(p.página 105)

(p. 115)

• Uma das funções dos pronomes reflexivos é indicar que o resultado de uma ação recai sobre o próprio sujeito que a realizou.